There are many different causes of pain in the pelvis. In this article, we investigate possible causes of pelvic pain in men and women. We also look at the treatment options and when to see a doctor.
Causes
There are many causes of pelvic pain, including:
1. Constipation
Constipation can cause pelvic pain, especially if it affects the lower colon. This type of pain tends to go away once a person has a bowel movement.
2. Other intestinal problems
A variety of other intestinal conditions can cause pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis. These include:
- irritable bowel syndrome
- ulcerative colitis
- diverticulitis
3. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside of the uterus. This tissue can bleed during a person’s menstrual cycle, as well as stick to other organs, causing pain and other symptoms.
The location of the pain depends on where the tissue implants. While some people experience symptoms just during menstruation, others have pain at other times during their cycle.
Menstrual cramps occur in the lower part of the pelvis and tend to start just before a person’s period and may continue for a few days.
Particularly painful cramps could be a sign of an underlying condition, such as endometriosis or adenomyosis, so a person may wish to speak to a doctor about testing.
11. Ectopic pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening event that requires immediate medical care.
An ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilized egg implants into the pelvis or abdomen outside of the uterus.
In most cases, an ectopic pregnancy occurs in the fallopian tubes, but it can happen anywhere in the abdomen or pelvis. Pain and cramping occur as it grows, pressing on nearby organs or nerves.
12. Pregnancy loss
A pregnancy loss can also cause cramping or pelvic pain. Though some cramping in early pregnancy is normal as the fetus grows, people should report severe or long-lasting pain to a doctor.
13. Appendicitis
The appendix is located in the lower abdomen and can cause pelvic or low back pain if it becomes inflamed and presses against the colon.
14. Hernia
A hernia is an opening where the internal organs can pass through. If the hernia occurs in a muscle in the lower pelvis, it can lead to pelvic pain. Other symptoms may include a visible bulge at the location of the pain.
15. Muscle spasms in the pelvic floor
The pelvis is made up of several muscles that support the bladder, reproductive structures, and bowel.
It is possible to manage the pain and discomfort once a person knows what is causing it. If a person is not sure of the cause or the pain is severe or does not improve, it is best to see a doctor.
In many cases, simple home remedies can help relieve some of the pain. Home remedies to get relief include:
- taking over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen
- placing a heating pad on the pelvis
- doing light and gentle exercise or stretching
- resting with the legs elevated, which promotes blood flow to the pelvis
When to see a doctor
While pelvic pain is a widespread problem, people should report it to a doctor, particularly if it does not respond to home remedies or is happening regularly.
A person should seek medical help immediately if the pain is severe or they experience nausea or vomiting, fever, or loss of consciousness.
It is best to contact a doctor with any questions or concerns about new or chronic pelvic pain.
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