- Patient empowerment through individual counseling and focus, “with interventions directed at knowledge, self-concept, self-esteem, and developing coping skills.”
- Support groups to improve self-esteem and coping skills and lessen isolation.
- Education, including “providing the general public with accurate information about the illness, the lived experience and countering false assumptions upon which stigma is based.”
- Formal interventions using therapies that identify and address the numerous factors that can result from stigma.
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