In this article, we examine chronic laryngitis and look at its symptoms, causes, and risk factors. We also cover diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
What is chronic laryngitis?
The larynx, also known as the voice box, contains the vocal cords in the throat. The vocal cords vibrate to produce a person’s voice.
Laryngitis causes swelling and inflammation of the larynx, which affects the functioning of the larynx and can lead to voice changes, such as hoarseness. The larynx is also essential for protecting the airways, swallowing, coughing, and supporting the lungs.
Laryngitis is either acute or chronic. Acute laryngitis usually comes on rapidly and symptoms usually last around 1 week. It is generally not a serious condition and often clears up without medical treatment.
Chronic laryngitis develops more slowly, with symptoms lasting over 3 weeks. A 2013 study estimates that up to 21 percent of people will develop chronic laryngitis at some point during their lifetime.
Chronic laryngitis is a more severe condition than acute laryngitis as it can cause longer-lasting and more uncomfortable symptoms. It may also be a sign of a more serious underlying condition, such as an autoimmune disorder. However, chronic laryngitis does not cause any serious health problems itself, and symptoms rarely extend beyond the period of illness.
Symptoms
The main symptom of laryngitis is hoarseness or croakiness of voice. Other symptoms of chronic laryngitis can include:
- excess mucus
- a persistent cough
- difficulty swallowing
- the feeling of a lump in the throat
- a sore throat
- loss of voice
- fever
Many of these symptoms can also occur with acute laryngitis, but they last much longer in chronic laryngitis. A hoarse voice can get worse over time and may persist after other symptoms have gone.
Some people may develop laryngitis alongside other conditions, such as the flu, a cold, or tonsillitis. This means they may also experience other symptoms, such as:
- swollen glands
- fatigue
- headaches
- cold or flu-like symptoms
It is also possible for chronic laryngitis to injure the vocal cords over time. This can cause small growths known as polyps or nodules to develop. These growths can be uncomfortable, but they do not pose any significant health risk.
Laryngitis has a range of different causes.
Viral infections, such as colds and the flu, are the most common cause of acute laryngitis. Bacterial and fungal infections also cause acute laryngitis.
Causes of chronic laryngitis can include:
- acid reflux
- overuse of the voice, such as in singers and performers
- infection
- smoking
- steroid inhaler medications
- excessive alcohol intake
- chronic sinusitis
- exposure to chemicals and dust that cause irritation
In rare cases, it is possible for inflammatory conditions that affect the vocal cords, such as tuberculosis, to cause laryngitis.
Risk factors
Risk factors for developing chronic laryngitis include:
- smoking
- working in an environment with irritating chemicals or dust
- working, or having a hobby, that requires prolonged or very loud talking, shouting, or singing
- respiratory infections, such as colds or the flu
Although it may not always be possible to prevent chronic laryngitis, some simple measures can help, such as:
- stopping smoking and avoiding second-hand smoke
- avoiding straining or overusing the voice
- drinking alcohol and caffeine in moderation
- keeping the air at home moist, such as by using a humidifier
- avoiding inhalation of irritating chemicals or dust, such as by using protective gear
- washing hands regularly
- avoiding contact with people who have colds or the flu
- getting vaccinated against related conditions, such as the flu
- drinking plenty of fluids
Takeaway
Chronic laryngitis is an inflammation of the voice box that lasts for more than 3 weeks. People with laryngitis usually experience hoarseness of voice, but it can cause discomfort and a range of other symptoms.
Causes of laryngitis can include illnesses, such as colds or the flu, and lifestyle factors, including smoking and excessive use of the voice. Treatment involves resting the voice, avoiding substances that irritate the throat, and treating any underlying conditions.
See a doctor if symptoms are severe or do not improve after a couple of weeks.
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