Berberine ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by decreasing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress: Study

$Experiment timeline and echocardiographic measurements in three groups of mice. (A) Experiment timeline in three groups of mice. (B) Representative echocardiographic images in mice: (1) Two-dimensional echocardiogram showing left ventricular short-axis view; (2) M-mode echocardiogram showing left ventricular dimensions; (3) Pulse-wave Doppler echocardiogram depicting diastolic mitral flow; (4) Tissue Doppler echocardiogram displaying mitral annular velocities. (C) Measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in mice. (D) Measurements of left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) in mice. (E) Measurements of left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness in mice. (F) Measurements of interventricular septum (IVS) thickness in mice. (G) Measurements of the ratio of early to late diastolic mitral flow velocities (E/A) in mice. (H) Measurements of the ratio of early to late diastolic mitral annular velocities (E´/A´) in mice. (I) Measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in mice. *P < 0.05 vs. the control group; #P < 0.05 vs. the DCM group; n = 6. Credit: Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications (2023). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0064$
Source: Read Full Article